A succession of cells—each having a positive electrode (cathode), a negative electrode (anode), and an electrolyte—are used to build lead-acid batteries. To create a battery, the cells are linked together in sequence. The number of cells used in a battery determines the battery’s voltage.
Each cell consists of a container made of a non-conductive material, such as plastic or glass. A permeable barrier separates the container’s two sections. The cathode is placed in one compartment, and the anode is placed in the other. The chambers are then filled with the solution. During charging and discharging, the lead and lead dioxide electrodes undergo changes in their chemical state, which results in the movement of electrons between the two electrodes.